基础四国气候变化部长级联合声明-中国林产工业协会

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基础四国气候变化部长级联合声明

媒体：生态环境部作者：内详
专业号：林森 2024/7/25 9:51:42

基础四国气候变化部长级联合声明

中国武汉，2024年7月21日

1.2024年基础四国气候变化部长级会议于2024年7月21日在中国湖北省武汉市举行。会议由中国生态环境部部长黄润秋先生担任主席，南非森林、渔业和环境部部长迪翁·乔治博士，巴西气候变化副部长安娜·托尼博士代表巴西环境和气候变化部部长玛丽娜·席尔瓦女士，印度环境、森林和气候变化部联合秘书尼莱什·库马尔·萨先生代表印度环境、森林和气候变化部部长布潘德尔·亚达夫先生出席，中国生态环境部副部长赵英民先生主持会议。

2.部长们强调，气候变化是我们所处时代最大挑战之一。尽管面临多重危机，包括地缘政治紧张局势、全球能源和粮食危机、通货膨胀、饥饿和不平等加剧，以及全球供应链扰动，部长们确认致力于多边主义和国际合作，在消除贫困和可持续发展背景下实现低碳和气候韧性发展。

3.部长们强调全面、充分、有效地实施《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公约》）及其《京都议定书》和《巴黎协定》的重要性。他们重申《巴黎协定》目标，即把全球平均气温升幅控制在工业化前水平以上低于2℃之内，并努力将气温升幅限制在工业化前水平以上1.5℃之内，并重申《巴黎协定》实施将依据公平、共同但有区别的责任和各自能力原则，考虑不同国情。

4.在此背景下，部长们欢迎“阿联酋共识”，包括《公约》第28次缔约方大会（COP28）通过的《巴黎协定》首次全球盘点的成功成果。这一成果体现了缔约方决心保持团结努力实现协定宗旨和长期目标，并强调需要紧急行动和支持以使巴黎温度目标可及并在这个关键十年应对气候危机。他们表示支持“三驾马车”伙伴关系，并坚定不移地致力于通过公开、透明、包容、缔约方驱动和协商一致的进程，在COP29和COP30上取得成功成果。

5.部长们承诺全力支持候任主席国阿塞拜疆，并期待与所有其他缔约方共同努力，使巴库大会取得成功。他们强调，COP29的主要成果是设定由发达国家流向发展中国家的气候资金新集体量化目标（NCQG），该目标将是发展中国家在2025年通报有雄心的国家自主贡献（NDC）和这十年强化气候实施的关键推动力。部长们主张新目标必须推动解决气候资金定义的未决问题，必须符合《公约》及其《巴黎协定》中气候资金的定义，即发达国家有义务向发展中国家提供新的、额外的气候资金支持，同时提供详细的透明度安排，以促进责任感、信任，并便于跟踪实现目标数额的集体进展。部长们对发达国家试图通过建议扩大出资者范围淡化自身在国际法下的气候资金法律义务表示严重关切，这将使谈判努力偏离气候行动和力度核心问题。基于发达国家落实公共资金赠款支持，部长们期待NCQG金额应当从每年以十亿美元为单位的量级增至数万亿级美元。

6.部长们期待成功的COP29建立在COP28基础上，并为COP30达成雄心成果铺平道路。他们欢迎并赞赏巴西在2025年举办COP30并担任主席发挥的领导力。

7.为突破气候行动惯性，部长们重申通过在COP28到COP30及此后进一步落实基础四国合作新愿景，以强化基础四国领导力的共识，包括：第一，加强基础四国就国际气候变化议程协调，重点关注《公约》下多边气候体制；第二，调动各国科学和学术对话；第三，扩大在可持续发展实施和项目方面的联合行动与合作，尤其是通过扩大新开发银行（NDB）作用支持全球南方可持续发展。

8.部长们欢迎巴西在2025年担任“金砖+”主席国。作为“金砖+”成员，他们强调新开发银行在扩大和加快发展中国家气候行动方面的重要贡献。他们赞扬新开发银行在巴西南里奥格兰德州最近发生前所未有的特大洪灾后，向该州提供了超过十亿美元的坚定支持。他们认同这表明新开发银行在加速多边开发银行（MDBs）改革中的独特地位，为发展中国家提供更大、更好和更强劲支持。部长们强调，新开发银行可以在国际金融架构根本性改革中发挥重要作用，这一根本性改革将赋能可持续发展和各国不同公正转型路径，并适配于落实雄心勃勃且公平的气候行动。

9.部长们重申将以国家自主决定的方式，按照《巴黎协定》原则和条款，提交其下一轮NDC的承诺。他们鼓励各国积极响应“阿联酋共识”成果。他们强调NDC应成为实现可持续发展目标的工具，并促进减轻国内和国家间不平等。部长们强调，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第六次评估报告提出，历史排放量和世界碳空间利用并不公平，较其在全球人口中占比份额，发达国家历史排放量d澳门手机赌博。他们认同公平的减排行动必须以历史责任、气候正义、公正转型，以及保护、维护和恢复生态系统需求为指导。

10.部长们对发达国家缔约方2020年前减缓力度和落实差距表示严重关切。他们忆及IPCC指出到2020年发达国家应当在1990年基础上减排25%—40%，但并未实现。部长们对发达国家2030年和2050年减缓力度不足，及其气候政策与行动倒退和自相矛盾表示严重关切。部长们敦促发达国家迅速弥补2020年前减排差距，重审并强化2030年NDC目标，并且显著早于2050年，最好到2030年实现温室气体净零排放，随后立即实现温室气体净负排放。

11.部长们敦促发达国家恪守手机赌博游戏：减排和气候资金的法定承诺。他们注意到发达国家气候资金核算存在不一致，这严重损害信任和法律确定性。部长们对迄今发达国家提供的支持不充分、不足额表示关切，并敦促发达国家按照多边协商一致的气候资金定义补齐1000亿美元气候资金承诺缺口。

12.考虑到气候危机紧迫性，部长们呼吁发达国家承认其未能兑现承诺，并敦促他们加强努力落实其及时充分为发展中国家提供和动员新的额外气候资金的承诺，并且率先减排。部长们注意到，发达国家造成的领导力空缺凸显了强化多边主义、落实《公约》及其《巴黎协定》下义务的紧迫性。在政治不确定性和分裂持续加剧背景下，部长们承诺担当全球南方应对气候危机、追求可持续发展目标的稳定力量。

13.部长们呼吁全球团结，确保没有任何一个国家、地方或者个体掉队。他们强调基础四国愿意并准备真诚贡献最大努力，与所有国家合作应对气候变化。他们进一步强调基础四国坚定与全球南方团结在一起。他们重申基础四国作为发展中国家对“77国集团和中国”团结的承诺，并强调发展中国家间合作至关重要。他们重申明确支持现任主席国乌干达，以巩固“77国集团和中国”团结，促进发展中国家共同利益。

14.部长们欢迎“阿联酋共识”手机赌博游戏：公正转型路径内容，这为全经济和全社会公正转型实现可持续发展描绘了愿景，不让任何国家和任何个体掉队。要实现这种包容性和整体性方式，需要从国际、国内两个维度确保气候正义，重点是在可持续发展并解决贫困、饥饿、国内和国家间不平等框架下，为发展中国家提供实施手段。

15.部长们强调应以公正、有序、公平的方式推进能源转型，由各国自主决定，并考虑到不同发展阶段、国情、路径和方法，包括资源禀赋以及发展中国家的需求和挑战。他们注意到第一次全球盘点成果中呼吁全球努力到2030年将全球可再生能源容量增长至三倍、全球能效提升年平均速率提高一倍。在此背景下，他们欢迎超过三分之二的风能和太阳能项目是在发展中国家建设的，基础四国在实施并促进全球气候友好技术成本下降方面展现了领导力。他们对一些发达国家的保护主义措施严重阻碍全球绿色转型表达关切。他们强调发达国家采取双重标准，在其出口可再生能源时称赞自身经济竞争力，但同时批评基础四国成就。部长们还关切地注意到，近年来发达国家化石燃料生产和消费出现显著增长，呼吁发达国家明确展现其能源系统正在率先转型脱离化石燃料。

16.部长们强调，发展中国家受气候变化不利影响最为严重，适应是当务之急，但被忽视且与减缓资源分配不均衡。他们敦促到2024年发达国家集体向发展中国家缔约方提供的气候适应资金比2019年水平增加数倍，并制定透明度路线图，以减缓与适应50：50比例分配NCQG，并从2026年1月开始实施。部长们欢迎“全球气候韧性框架”，包括就11个目标达成一致，为实现全球适应目标（GGA）提供更细颗粒度目标。为实现这些目标而实施的所有行动，都应基于发达国家根据《公约》及其《巴黎协定》原则和条款向发展中国家提供的支持，特别是共同但有区别的责任和各自能力原则，并以公共资金为核心，包括监测和评估发达国家根据发展中国家适应优先事项向其提供实施手段支持的充分性和有效性。

17.部长们谴责一切形式的单边主义和保护主义；重申为应对气候变化采取的措施，包括单边措施，不应成为对国际贸易任意或无理的歧视手段或者隐蔽限制；敦促国际社会团结合作应对气候变化；并重申加强和深化基础四国在气候行动与合作方面领导力及共同努力。部长们反对一些发达国家以气候行动为借口推行歧视性、不公正的“碳边境调节机制”，并决心共同努力确保发展中国家不受这些破坏多边主义、威胁可持续发展单边措施的不利影响。部长们呼吁发达国家终止扭曲贸易的补贴，包括针对农业、森林和能源行业补贴，这些补贴对发展中国家可持续发展造成不利影响。

18.部长们指出，发展中国家提供了绝大多数关键矿产和稀土，这些资源对于现代经济各方面都至关重要，包括向可再生能源转型，并强调通过源头选矿和创造当地价值链，使这些自然资源造福当地人民的重要性。部长们承诺共同努力确保可持续、负责任和公正的关键矿产价值链。

19.部长们强调，在全球经济下行和复苏之际，基础四国尽管面临巨大发展挑战和脱贫压力，仍将继续以身作则发挥领导力，并在务必实现可持续发展的大背景下，正在展示气候行动的最高雄心:

巴西将气候变化重新定位为最优先事项，同时努力消除饥饿、贫困和不平等。巴西坚定致力于加强多边主义和全球气候治理。2024年从基础四国伙伴印度的手中接棒担任二十国集团（G20）主席国，以“建设一个公正的世界和可持续星球”为主题，建立了G20年度工作框架，将气候变化解决方案纳入前期铺垫活动和金融轨道。明年巴西将把G20主席转交给基础四国的另一个伙伴南非。除了环境和气候可持续工作组外，巴西还提议成立“全球动员应对气候变化工作组”，以重新调整气候行动和资金，寻求结构性解决方案。该工作组首次将外交部、财政部、气候部以及中央银行聚集在一起。作为COP30候任主席，巴西一直在与COP28和COP29主席合作推进“1.5使命路线图”。2023年11月，巴西调整了其2030年NDC，将其减排目标提高到比2005年减排53%。自卢拉总统上任以来，巴西一直致力于“零森林砍伐”，同时重新启动了亚马逊基金及《预防和控制法定亚马逊和塞拉多地区森林砍伐行动计划》。2023年1月至12月，巴西实现了亚马逊森林砍伐减少50%，2024年1月至5月进一步减少了40.5%，仅这一项就避免约2.5亿吨碳排放。最近的数据还显示，2024年上半年塞拉多地区的森林砍伐也减少了15%。巴西正在更新《恢复原生植被国家计划》，以期到2030年恢复至少1200万公顷的原生植被。在COP28上，巴西国家开发银行发起了“恢复之穹顶”倡议，为到2050年恢复2400万公顷亚马逊森林提供资金。2023年8月，巴西政府还宣布了一项全经济范围的“生态转型计划”，该计划将强化巴西对未来经济增长、社会包容和环境保护的愿景。在巴西气候基金下，已发行了20亿美元的绿色债券支持气候行动，而2024年4月启动的“巴西生态投资”倡议旨在创造结构性条件，吸引外国私人投资实施生态转型。在能源领域，可再生能源目前约占巴西能源供应总量的50%和电力供应的90%。2022—2023年，巴西发电装机容量增长9.4%，其中天然气发电减少7.9%，燃油发电减少19.3%，火力发电呈明显下降趋势，同时太阳能发电增长68.1%，风电增长17.4%，这使得发电产生的温室气体排放在一年内减少了6%。

中国坚定实施积极应对气候变化国家战略，致力于构建人类命运共同体，力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。2012年以来，中国以年均3%的能源消费增速，支撑了超过6%的经济增长。单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放下降超35%，相当于少排放14亿吨二氧化碳。截至2023年底，中国可再生能源装机已历史性超过煤电，国内可再生能源装机规模占全球约40%，占全球新增装机50%以上。中国的水电、风电、太阳能发电、生物质发电和在建核电装机均居世界第一。中国制造带动全球风电和光伏发电平均成本在过去十年间分别累计下降超过60%和80%。中国的新能源汽车保有量占全球一半以上。2023年中国的煤炭消费比重较2012年下降了13.2个百分点，并于近期启动煤电低碳化改造。此外，中方还建立了全球覆盖温室气体排放量最大的碳市场，制定了《甲烷排放控制行动方案》《国家适应气候变化战略2035》，其森林覆盖率和蓄积量连续30年保持双增长，成为全球森林资源增长最多最快的国家。同时，中国尽己所能开展应对气候变化南南合作，包括为120多个发展中国家培训2400余名气候变化官员和技术人员。

印度坚信多边主义，并积极帮助其他脆弱国家。印度启动了“韧性岛国基础设施”计划，旨在促进小岛屿发展中国家基础设施资产的灾害和气候复原力。印度还在2019年发起了“抗灾基础设施联盟”，以强化新建和现有基础设施系统对气候和灾害风险的抵御能力。印度于2015年发起了“国际太阳能联盟”，成为通过全球伙伴关系实施建设性全球气候行动的典范。“绿色电网倡议——同一太阳，同一世界，同一电网”也是印度于2021年发起的，是全球第一个互联太阳能电网的国际网络。“全球绿色信贷倡议”由印度于2023年12月发起，旨在通过绿色信贷等各种倡议促进全球合作与协作，实施和监测促进环境向好的行动。印度还与瑞典合作发起了“行业转型领导小组”倡议，为难以实现温室气体减排的行业寻找创新解决方案，以促进自愿的低碳转型行动。2024—2026年“行业转型领导小组”第二阶段于2023年12月启动。印度还发起了全球“环境友好生活方式”运动，以促进注重环境意识的生活方式，重点是提高资源利用意识。2024年3月在肯尼亚内罗毕举行的第六届联合国环境大会通过了印度提出的手机赌博游戏：“促进可持续生活方式”的决议。印度在2024年6月5日世界环境日之际发起了“以母亲的名义种一棵树”运动。印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪呼吁全国人民以及全世界人民种植一棵树，向他们的母亲致敬。

南非已制定了具有广泛影响的政策，以确保落实NDC目标。确保以公平和基于科学的方式应对气候危机对于实现公正转型至关重要，为此，南非正在资助一系列广泛的研究、开发和创新计划和措施，包括：全球变化研究计划及其相关项目和措施；海洋和南极战略；南非风险和脆弱性地图集；水资源和废弃物的研究、开发和创新路线图；生物经济战略；土著知识系统；太空子计划下的地球观测工作；气候变化导致的多重灾害预警系统；氢和燃料电池技术开发（氢能社会路线图）；基于风能和太阳能地图集详细绘制的可再生能源资源图；先进电池（储能）倡议；多个手机赌博游戏：实现循环经济的计划；以及水资源方面的重点研究。南非还制定了44个地区的气候变化适应战略，以推进地方层面的适应计划，并对旅游业、生物多样性、海洋和海岸、采矿业、居住区等关键部门进行风险和脆弱性评估。此外，南非议会通过了《气候变化法》，其中包括为大型排放公司分配碳预算。南非在2019年通过并持续实施《碳税法》，财政部正在考虑在下一个五年期提高税率。在“综合资源计划”的指导下，南非通过五期招标新增了6.2吉瓦的可再生能源装机，重点实施以电动汽车、电力和绿氢为要素的“公正能源转型伙伴关系”。

20.部长们欢迎印度提议由其在印度主办2028年《公约》第33次缔约方大会和2025年基础四国部长级会议。

BASIC Ministerial Joint Statement on Climate Change

Wuhan China , July 21 2024

1. The 2024 BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change was held in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on July 21 2024. The meeting was chaired by H.E. Mr. Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment of China, attended by H.E. Dr. Dion George, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of South Africa; H.E. Dr. Ana Toni, Vice-Minister for Climate Change, on behalf of H.E Ms. Marina Silva, Minister of Environment and Climate Change of Brazil; and Mr. Neelesh Kumar Sah, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on behalf of H.E. Mr. Bhupender Yadav, Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change of India, and moderated by H.E. Mr. Zhao Yingmin, Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment of China.

2. Ministers emphasize that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Despite the multiple crises including geopolitical tensions, global energy and food crises, inflation, growing hunger and inequalities, and disruptions to global supply-chains, Ministers confirmed their commitments to multilateralism and international cooperation towards low-carbon and climate-resilient development, in the context of eradication of poverty and sustainable development.

3. Ministers underline the importance of a full, adequate, and effective implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. They reaffirm the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, and reiterate it will be implemented in accordance with the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), in the light of different national circumstances.

4.In this context, Ministers welcome the UAE Consensus, including the successful outcome of the first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement, adopted at COP28, which reaffirmed Parties’ resolve to remain united in the pursuit of efforts to achieve the purpose and long-term goals of the Agreement, while emphasizing the need for urgent action and support to keep the Paris temperature goal within reach and to address the climate crisis in this critical decade. They expressed their support to the Troika Partnership and their unwavering commitment towards the successful outcomes at COP29 and COP30 through an open, transparent, inclusive, Party-driven, and consensus-based process.

5.Ministers pledge their full support to the incoming Azerbaijani Presidency and look forward to working with all other Parties towards a successful conference in Baku. They highlighted that the main outcome of COP29 will be to set the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance from developed to developing countries, as the key enabler for developing countries to communicate ambitious nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in 2025 and for enhanced climate implementation in this critical decade. Ministers defend that the new goal must advance on fulfilling outstanding gaps on the definition of climate finance, consistent with the definition of climate finance in the Convention and its Paris Agreement, which obliges developed countries to provide new and additional climate finance support to developing countries, whilst providing detailed transparency arrangements, in order to facilitate accountability, trust and the tracking of collective progress in delivering the quantum. Ministers express deep concerns around attempts by developed countries to dilute their climate finance legal obligations under international law through suggestions of broadening the contributor base, which could deviate negotiation efforts from core issues for climate action and ambition. Based on delivery of grant-based public-funded support by developed countries, Ministers indicated their expectation that the quantum of the NCQG should shift from billions to trillions of USD per year.

6.Ministers demonstrate their expectations that a successful COP29 will build on COP28 to pave the way for ambitious outcomes by COP30. They welcome and commend Brazil’s leadership to host and preside COP30 in 2025.

7.To break inertia in climate action, Ministers reiterated their agreement to strengthen BASIC leadership, by further implementing their new vision on cooperation among BASIC from COP28 to COP30 and beyond that encompasses: firstly, enhancing BASIC coordination on the international climate change agenda, with a focus on the multilateral climate regime under UNFCCC; secondly, leveraging their countries scientific and academic dialogue; and, thirdly, expanding joint action and cooperation on sustainable development implementation and projects, in particular through the expansion of the role of the New Development Bank (NDB) in supporting sustainable development in the Global South.

8.Ministers welcome the Brazilian presidency of BRICS+ in 2025. As fellow members of BRICS+, they highlight the key contribution of the NDB in scaling-up and accelerating climate action in developing countries. They praised the NDB for its steadfast support of over a billion USD to the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul following the recent extreme flooding of unprecedented proportions. They recognize this demonstrates the NDB’s unique position in speeding-up the reform of multilateral development banks towards providing bigger, better and bolder support to developing countries. Ministers emphasize the important role that the NDB can play towards the fundamental reform of the international financial architecture to enable sustainable development and the different just transitions pathways of countries and be fit-for-purpose to implement ambitious and equitable climate actions.

9.Ministers reaffirm their commitment to submitting their next generation of NDCs under the Paris Agreement, in a nationally-determined manner and in accordance with the principles and provisions of the Paris Agreement. They encourage countries to respond positively to the outcomes of the UAE Consensus. They stress NDCs should serve as instruments towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals, while contributing to reducing inequalities within and among countries. Ministers underline that the historical emissions and the use of the world’s carbon space is not equitably distributed as assessed by the IPCC’s AR6, with developed countries emitting historically more emissions relative to their share of the global population. They recognize that equitable mitigation action must be guided by historical responsibilities, climate justice, just transitions, and the need to conserve, preserve and restore ecosystem .

10.Ministers express serious concern over pre-2020 gaps in both mitigation ambition and implementation by developed country Parties. They recall the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had indicated that developed countries should have reduced emissions by 25–40 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, which was not achieved. They note with grave concern developed countries’ inadequate 2030 and 2050 mitigation ambitions, as well as the backtracking and incoherence in their climate policies and action. Ministers urge developed countries to urgently close pre2020 mitigation gaps, to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their NDCs, and to achieve net-zero GHG emissions significantly ahead of 2050, preferably by 2030, and net-negative GHG emissions immediately thereafter.

11.Ministers urge developed countries to abide by their legal commitments on both mitigation and finance. They note the inconsistency of climate finance accounting by developed countries, which seriously jeopardizes trust and legal certainty. They express concern over the inadequate and insufficient support provided by developed countries so far and urge them to close the gap in their climate finance commitments of USD 100 billion in accordance with multilaterally-agreed climate finance definitions.

12.In view of the urgency of the climate crisis, Ministers call on developed countries to recognize the failure to fulfill their commitments, and urge them to step up their efforts and fulfill their commitments on climate finance to provide and mobilize new and additional climate finance to developing countries in a timely and adequate manner, and take the lead in mitigation. They note the leadership void left by developed countries reinforces the urgency of strengthening multilateralism, and delivering obligations under the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement. In the context of increased political uncertainty and divides, Ministers pledge to serve as a stabilizing force for the Global South in navigating the climate crisis in pursuit of sustainable development imperatives.

13.Ministers call for global solidarity in ensuring that no country, place nor individual is left behind. They reiterate that BASIC is willing and ready to genuinely contribute its best effort and cooperate with all countries in addressing climate change. They further reiterate BASIC strong determination to show solidarity towards the Global South. They reaffirm the commitment of BASIC, as developing countries, to the unity of Group of 77 and China, and highlighted the importance of cooperation among developing countries. They reaffirm their unequivocal support for the current Ugandan Presidency, with a view to consolidating the unity of the Group of 77 and China and advancing the common interests of developing countries.

14.Ministers welcome the UAE Consensus on Just Transition Pathways, which provides a vision for all-of-economy and all-of-society just transitions to achieve sustainable development, leaving no country nor individual behind. Both the international and national dimensions of climate justice need to be addressed to achieve this inclusive and holistic approach, with an emphasis on enabling means of implementation for developing countries, in the context of sustainable development and of efforts to tackle poverty, hunger and inequalities within and among countries.

15.Ministers emphasized energy transitions should be carried out in a just, orderly and equitable manner, being nationally determined, and taking into account the different stages of development, national circumstances, pathways and approaches, including resource endowments, as well as the needs and challenges of developing countries. They note the call for global efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally and double the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030, as part of the outcome of the first GST. In this context, they welcome that more than two-thirds of all wind and solar projects are being undertaken in developing countries, with BASIC countries demonstrating leadership in implementation driving down costs of climate-friendly technologies globally. They express concern that protectionist measures by some developed countries seriously threaten the global green transition. They highlight the double-standard of developed countries by calling their own economies competitive when exporting renewable energy and at the same time criticizing the success of BASIC countries. Ministers also note with concern that there has been a significant increase in the production and consumption of fossil fuels by developed countries in recent years, and call them to clearly show they are taking the lead in transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems.

16.Ministers underscore that developing countries are the most adversely affected by climate change and that adaptation is a key imperative though neglected with imbalanced allocation of resources compared to mitigation. They urge developed countries to increase multifold their collective provision of climate finance for adaptation to developing country Parties from 2019 levels by 2024, with a transparent roadmap to a 50:50 allocation of the NCQG on mitigation and adaptation, to be implemented from January 2026. Ministers welcome the Framework for Global Climate Resilience, including agreement on 11 targets that provide more granular targets to achieve the global goal on adaptation (GGA). The implementation of all actions towards these targets should be based on support provided by developed countries to developing countries in line with principles and provisions of the Convention and its Paris Agreement, in particular CBDR-RC, with public fund at its core, including to monitor and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of means of implementation support provided by developed countries to developing countries based on their priorities of adaptation.

17.Ministers condemn all forms of unilateralism and protectionism; reiterate that measures taken to address climate change, including unilateral measures, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade; urge the international community to cooperate in a united front to combat climate change; and reiterate their pledge to strengthen and deepen BASIC leadership and joint work in climate action and cooperation. Ministers rejected as discriminatory and unjust the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms planned by some developed countries under the pretext of climate action and resolve to work together to ensure that developing countries are not adversely impacted by these unilateral measures that undermine multilateralism and threaten sustainable development. They call developed countries to end trade distorting subsidies, including for the agricultural, forest and energy sectors, which adversely impact on the sustainable development of developing countries.

18.Ministers note that developing countries provide most of the critical minerals and rare earths that are essential for all aspects of the modern economy, including the transition to renewable energy, and underscore the importance of these natural resources benefiting our people through beneficiation at source and creation of local value chains. They commit to working together to ensure sustainable, responsible and just value chains of critical minerals.

19.Ministers highlight that despite the enormous developmental challenges and pressures of poverty eradication at a time of global economic downturn and economic recovery, the BASIC countries continue to lead by example and are demonstrating their highest ambition on climate action, in the context of their overarching sustainable development imperatives:

Brazilhas repositioned climate change as a topmost priority, alongside efforts to combat hunger, poverty and inequality. Deeply committed to strengthening multilateralism and global climate governance, Brazil has received the presidency of G20 from India, a BASIC peer, by framing the group’s work in 2024 under the theme “building a just world and a sustainable planet,” which incorporates climate change solutions across both the sherpa and finance tracks. Brazil will pass on the G20 to South Africa, also a BASIC partner. In addition to the Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group, Brazil has proposed the Task-Force on Global Mobilization Against Climate Change (TF-CLIMA) for resetting action and finance towards structural solutions. TF-CLIMA brings together for the first time Foreign, Finance and Climate Ministries and central banks. As incoming president of COP30, Brazil has been working with the COP28 and COP29 presidencies to advance the Road Map to Mission 1.5. In November 2023, Brazil adjusted its 2030 NDC to enhance its emissions reduction ambition to 53% compared to 2005. To support the implementation of Brazil’s NDCs and National Adaptation Plan (NAP), the Inter-ministerial Committee on Climate Change (CIM), relaunched in 2023, is working around the National Climate Plan, to consolidate the national strategy together with 7 sectoral plans on climate mitigation and 16 plans on adaptation. Since President Lula took office, Brazil has committed to "zero deforestation," whilst also relaunching the Amazon Fund, the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) and in the Cerrado (PPCerrado). From January to December 2023, Brazil achieved a 50% reduction of deforestation in the Amazon, and a further reduction of 40.5% from January to May 2024, which alone have prevented around 250 million tons of carbon from being emitted. Recent data also show 15% reduction in deforestation in the Cerrado in the first semester of 2024. Brazil is updating its National Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation (PLANAVEG) for the recovery of at least 12 million hectares of native vegetation by 2030. At COP28, Brazil's National Development Bank (BNDES) launched the “Arc of Restoration” initiative for financing the recovery of 24 million hectares of Amazonian forest by 2050. In August 2023, the Brazilian government also announced an economy-wide "Ecological Transformation Plan," which consolidates the country's vision for a future of economic growth with social inclusion and environmental preservation. Under Brazil’s Climate Fund, 2 billion USD have been issued in green bonds to support climate action, while the “Eco Invest Brasil” initiative, launched in April 2024, aims at fostering structural conditions to attract foreign private investments for ecological transformation. In the energy sector, renewables currently represents around 50% of the country's total energy supply and 90% of its electricity supply. The installed electricity generation capacity in Brazil expanded by 9.4% between 2022 and 2023, with notable trends around a decrease in thermal generation from natural gas (-7.9%) and oil products (-19.3%), which was influenced by the increase in solar (+68.1%) and wind generation (+17.4%), resulting in a 6% reduction of GHG emissions from electricity generation in one year.

Chinais dedicated to implementing the national strategy of actively addressing climate change and committed to building a community with a shared future for humankind, aiming to peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Since 2012, China has supported an economic growth of over 6% with an average annual energy consumption growth rate of 3%. The carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped by more than 35%, equivalent to a reduction of 1.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions. By the end of 2023, China's installed capacity of renewable energy has historically surpassed that of coal power, with domestic renewable energy installations accounting for about 40% of the global total and more than 50% of the global new installations. The installed capacities of hydropower, wind power, solar power, biomass power, and nuclear power under construction all rank first in the world. China's manufacturing has led to a cumulative decrease of over 60% and 80% in the average costs of global wind and photovoltaic power generation, respectively, over the past decade. China's new energy vehicle ownership accounts for more than half of the global total. In 2023, the proportion of coal consumption in China decreased by 13.2 percentage compared to 2012, and China has recently initiated the low-carbon transformation of coal power. Additionally, China has established the world’s largest carbon market in terms of the volume of GHG emissions covered, and formulated the Methane Emission Control Action Plan and the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035. For 30 consecutive years, China's forest coverage and stock volume have both seen continuous growth, making it the country with the fastest and most significant increase in forest resources worldwide. At the same time, China is doing its utmost to promote South-South cooperation on climate change, including training more than 2,400 climate change officials and technical professionals from over 120 developing countries.

Indiahas taken strong, ambitious and decisive climate actions, while making poverty alleviation and sustainable development its priorities. India has reduced the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33% in 2019. Thereby, achieving its original NDC target of 2015, 9 years ahead of time as of 30th June 2023, and continues to now fulfil its updated commitment of emission intensity reduction by 45% by 2030. India continues to lead by example with several robust steps in renewable energy, planned urban development, sustainable habitats, creation of carbon sinks through additional forest and tree cover, transition to sustainable transport, e-mobility, etc. India's non-fossil fuel based installed capacity stands at more than 201.75 GW as of May 2024 which is 45.36% of its total installed capacity. India has created 1.97 billion tons additional sinks by 2021. These steps have led to steady fulfillment of India's NDC goals of 2030. India stands 4th, globally, in RE Installed Capacity (including Large Hydro), 4th in Wind Power capacity and 4th in Solar Power capacity. India is always a part of the solution and plays an affirmative role towards fighting climate change. India firmly believes in multilateralism and has been proactive in helping other vulnerable Nations. India launched the ‘Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS)’ that promotes disaster and climate resilience of infrastructure assets in Small Island Developing States. India also launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) in 2019 to promote resilience of new and existing infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risk. India launched the International Solar Alliance in 2015, as a prime example of constructive global climate action through global partnership. The Green Grids Initiative - One Sun, One World One Grid (GGI-OSOWOG) was also launched by India in 2021, as the first international network of global interconnected solar power grids. Global Green Credit Initiative was launched by India in December, 2023 to promote global cooperation and collaboration and implementation and monitoring of environment-positive actions through various initiatives like Green Credits. India has also partnered with Sweden on the Leadership Group on Industry Transition (LeadIT) initiative to find innovative solutions for hard-to-abate sectors with a view to promoting voluntary action for low carbon transition. Phase-II of the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT 2.0) for 2024-26 was launched in December, 2023. India has also launched the global “Lifestyle for Environment” campaign to promote environmentally conscious lifestyle focusing on mindful and deliberate utilization of resources. Resolution on ‘Promoting Sustainable Lifestyles’, proposed by India, was adopted at the sixth United Nations Environment Assembly, held in Nairobi, Kenya in March 2024. India has launched the 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' (One tree in the name of mother) campaign on the occasion of World Environment Day on 5th June 2024. Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged the people of the country as well as the world to plant a tree as a tribute to their mother.

South Africahas approved wide-reaching policies to ensure that we can meet its NDC targets. To ensure an equitable and science-based response to the climate crisis, which is centrally important to just transition, it is funding a wide range of research, development and innovation (RDI) programmes and interventions. These include the Global Change Research Plan (GCRP) and its associated programmes and interventions; a Marine and Antarctic Strategy; the South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas (SARVA); Water and Waste RDI Roadmaps; the Bio-economy Strategy; Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS); Earth Observation work under the Space Sub-Programme; work on a climate-driven multi-hazard early warning system; the hydrogen and fuel cell technology development process (Hydrogen Society Roadmap), detailed mapping of renewable energy resources, via wind and solar atlases the advanced batteries (energy storage) initiative, and multiple programmes on moving towards a circular economy, and finally a strong research focus on water resources. It has also developed the 44 Districts Climate Change Adaptation Strategies to advance adaptation planning at the local level as well as the risk and vulnerability assessments for key sectors, Tourism, Biodiversity, Ocean and Coasts, Mining, Human Settlements. In addition, parliament has adopted the Climate Change Bill including allocation of carbon budgets for large emitting companies. A carbon tax has been implemented since 2019 when the Carbon Tax Act was passed. National Treasury is considering a higher tax rate for the next five-year period. Guided by its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), South Africa has installed 6.2 GW of new renewable energy through five bid windows, and we are preparing to ramp up the next bid window significantly. The main focus is the implementation of the Just Energy Transition Investment Plan that focus on electric vehicle, electricity and green hydrogen

20.Ministers welcomed the proposals of India to host UNFCCC COP33 in the year 2028 and the BASIC Ministerial Meeting in the year 2025 in India.

供稿 | 生态环境部应对气候变化司

编辑 | 刘阳

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基础四国气候变化部长级联合声明